You can run powershell commands directly from the Sharepoint 2010 Management Shell window; but that does not suit the purpose when you require a daily backup
Start - All Programs - Sharepoint 2010 Management Shell
Its’ surprising why Sharepoint themselves could not come out with an easy automated tool. Nevertheless; the below post would guide you through
Firstly, we need to define a backup location.
- Is your Sharepoint Farm and SQL Server on different Servers? If yes, kindly ensure that the Backup Location that you define is a Share Drive (\\sharedrive\backupfolder) and has full Write Access for both the Sharefoint Farm Admin Account and SQL Server Account
Farm Backup is best done as both a Full and subsequent Incremental Backups
Full Backup
Create a File with the extension ps1 (denotes a powershell command file)
Add-PsSnapin Microsoft.SharePoint.Powershell
Backup-SPFarm -Directory \\sharedrive\backupfolder -BackupMethod Full
Setting up a Windows Task Schedule for the Farm Backup
Start – All Programs – Administrative Tools – Task Scheduler – Create Task
Give an appropriate name and under Actions tab; click New
Type powershell under Program field and state the ps1 file that you created above under the Add Arguments field

Specify an appropriate time under the Trigger tab for your task to run. Since its a full backup its best to set a time after regular office hours
Incremental Backup (Daily backup of changed data since the last backup)
Create a File with the extension ps1 (denotes a powershell command file)
Add-PsSnapin Microsoft.SharePoint.Powershell Backup-SPFarm -Directory \\sharedrive\backupfolder -BackupMethod Differential
Use the Task Scheduler as illustrated earlier to define the daily backup
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